Oxford illustrated history of Italy. George Holmes. 1997.

This is the story of Italy from the Roman Empire to the present day. Until just over a century ago, Italy did not exist as a political unit, but in previous periods it had been both the heart of the Christian Church and the seabed for the extraordinary cultural flowering of the Renaissance. In the Middle Ages and early modern Europe, the enchants of Florence, Genoa and Venice bridged Asia, Europe and America with their trading and financial activities. Italy itself remained a region of fiercely independent city-states, with a complex political life and an incomparable rich and varied culture. In the nineteenth century an upsurge of nationalist fervour was channelled by Cavour and Garibaldi into a victorious war against Italy’s Habsburg and Bourbon overlords. A political vision was finally realized and the nation of Itaaly was created. In recent decades Italy has prospered in a way that would have seemed improbable a century ago.